Cervical Ectropion

Cervical Ectropion Cervical ectropion is a benign gynaecological finding characterised by the presence of glandular columnar epithelium on the ectocervix, where it […]

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Premature ovarian insufficiency is the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40. It may be transient or […]

Infertility and Subfertility

Infertility and SubfertilityInfertility is defined by the WHO as failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual […]

Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian Cysts Ovarian cysts are fluid-containing structures within or on the ovary, and many are benign, incidental, and self-limiting. Updated UKMLA guide […]

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian Cancer Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum, with epithelial cancers being […]

Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial Cancer Endometrial cancer arises from the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, and is the most common type of uterine cancer. […]

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Endometrial Hyperplasia Endometrial hyperplasia is a pre-cancerous condition caused by abnormal proliferation of the endometrial glands. It commonly presents with abnormal vaginal …

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a pre-cancerous condition in which dysplastic cells are confined to the cervical epithelium [&h…

Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is a malignancy arising from the cervix, most commonly from the transformation zone, and is strongly linked to […]

Small for Gestational Age (SGA) and Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)

Definition Small for gestational age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are closely related but distinct terms. Term Definition Small for gestational […]

Twin and Triplet Pregnancies

Epidemiology Twins or triplets occur in approximately 1 in 60 pregnancies. The incidence of multiple pregnancies has risen over the past 30 […]

Anti-D Immunoglobulin in Pregnancy

Background and Implication Rhesus D and Sensitisation Process The Rh D antigen is a protein found on the surface of red blood […]